"Za one koji žele znati više", friško ispod peke stižu nam statsi o upotrebi vutre i izvedenih derivata na razini EU, te pojedinih susjednih zemalja. Stavljam u "Obrazovanje" s obzirom da se radi o izvještaju, ako treba, premjestite temu.
Izvješće je poprilično opširno, možete ga pronaći OVDJE, a ja ću ukratko sažeti pojedine fragmente i pozvati na diskusiju
1. Hrvatska, uz Španjolsku, Nizozemsku i Češku i dalje uvjerljivo u prvih par država po upotrebi, te se bilježi dodatni rast upotrebe. Zašto uvjeriljvo? Zato što je po eurostatu Zagreb prije dvije godine bio prvi u EU po konzumaciji tokom tjedna, ne vikendom. Da, čak i prije Amsterdama. Mjereno po otpadnim vodama. Po meni, barem kada kompariram statistike US i CAD, Covid i Lockdown je doprinio rastu.
Overall, the prevalence of cannabis use in Europe appears to have remained stable over the past decade, although prevalence of use has increased in some of the countries that already had the highest rates of use, such as Croatia, Czechia, the Netherlands and Spain. Recent trends based on data from 15 countries that have conducted surveys on last-year cannabis use since 2019 indicate that levels of use have increased in four countries, remained stable in six countries and decreased in five countries.
2. Osvjestili su ogromni problem kod upotrebe sintetičkih i polusintetičkih kanabinoida. Po meni, ovo bi se moglo koristiti u strankama koje su pro-legalizacija kao dodatni argument za samu legalizaciju. Isti problem adresiran je kada smo u našem saboru nas nekoliko predstavljali benefite legalizacije, do strane jednog dečka. Antiša, ako ovo čitaš, a čitaš, high five
Problem je što se konoplja sa low-level THCom šprica sa sintetikom.
Low-THC cannabis adulterated with synthetic cannabinoids
Signs of low-THC herbal cannabis being adulterated with synthetic cannabinoids was reported to the EU Early Warning System in 2020, when clients of EU-based drug-checking services reported experiencing unusual effects after consuming cannabis. This followed several reports in Switzerland since January 2019 of cases of low-THC cannabis products adulterated with synthetic cannabinoids, including MDMB-4en-PINACA and ADB-BUTINACA
Za HHC, THC-p, HHC-O i ŠBB-KBB ekipu, ovako to izgleda.
3. Rast upotrebe proizvoda infjuzanih kanabinoidim, najčešće sintetičkim i polusintetičkim - vape, gumeni bomboni, koncentrati. Sve veće zapljene proizvoda naručenih sa US i CAD tržišta u ovom pogledu.
Some of the comparatively newer cannabis consumer products, such as butane hash oil (BHO), rosin or cannabis wax, that have become available in Europe in recent years (see Figure Cannabis: taxonomy of products traditional and modern) are probably manufactured by consumers themselves from their own cannabis crops or from herbal or resin material purchased from dealers. However, some of these products may also be the result of commercial manufacturing in Europe and elsewhere. For instance, there have been seizures of such products at European postal hubs and airports, in parcels and on flights from Canada and the United States. Some of these products have also been seized in the United States on their way to Europe.
FUN FACT - kod nas eadblesi nisu toliko popularni, no na zapadu, US i CAD stvaraju se dodatni problemi oko doziranja. Izdvoji bi jednu cool kampanju koju preporučam da pogledate, a odnosi se kako korisnicima predstaviti da infjuzani gumeni bomboni nisu toliko zabavni ako se pretjera, iako izgledaju bezazleno. Ta kampanja je dobila Clio nagradu iste godine kad je naš Cananbis muzej dobio tri
4. Albanija nije što je nekad bila. Tj. sve je manje zapljena koje stižu iz same Albanije. Po meni, može biti iz dva razloga - ili koriste nove metode ili se konzumenti više fokusiraju na kvalitetu. Po meni - oboje. Svi vide što se događa na zapadu i kako cvjetovi izgledaju. Putovanja su jeftina, dosta ljudi probava vutru s drugih tržišta. Sade sami ili netko tko sadi nesebično pdoijeli među prijateljima kvalitetan cvijet. Konzumeti 30+ ne žele više pušiti old school albanku. Balkanska ruta je i dalje jedna od većih za šverc. Šverc se najčešće ovom rutom dovija vozilima tj. cestovnim prometom.
Western Balkan countries are also important suppliers of cannabis to other countries in the region and to Türkiye. Albania was considered a major non-EU source of herbal cannabis destined for the European market prior to 2018 (EMCDDA and Europol, 2019), but since then neighbouring countries such as Greece, Italy and North Macedonia report substantial reductions in the seizure of Albanian-origin cannabis (UNODC, 2020). Although the available information suggests an increase in production in other Western Balkan countries, no intensification in cross-border cannabis trafficking has been noted to date. Nevertheless, cannabis trafficking routes to the EU and neighbouring countries appear to remain active (Brnad, 2022). Some of the Western Balkan criminal networks involved in cannabis trafficking into, and production within, the EU also appear to be associated with the wholesale trafficking of cocaine to Europe (EMCDDA, 2022d; Bureau for Operational Coordination of Montenegro, 2021; Europol, 2021b).
Herbal cannabis trafficked from the Western Balkans to the EU appears to be transported primarily by land, for instance to Hungary (Reitox National Focal Point of Hungary, 2020; Ljubas, 2020) and Croatia (Ministry of Interior of Croatia, 2019).
5. Good old marokanac - hash iz Marocca i dalje je prisutan u EU, a dolazi najčešće preko španjolske i po novom u jednoj mjeri putem bespilotnim letjelicama.
Most of the cannabis resin available on the European drug market comes from Morocco and enters the region via Spain, which seized 672.5 tonnes of cannabis resin in 2021 (over 82 % of the European total).
Semi-submersible drones seized in Spain
The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), also known as drones, by criminal networks in Europe has been described in a previous report (EMCDDA and Europol, 2022). A recent development has shown that European criminal networks are also using specialists to develop ‘unmanned semi-submersible vessels’ (also known as semi-submersible drones). Operation ‘Kraken’, in July 2022, led by the Spanish national police in the Campo de Gibraltar area of Cadiz Province resulted in the seizure of four such semi-submersible drones under construction. In addition, police seized six large fully-operational UAVs with 30 kilometres of flight autonomy, 145 kilograms of cannabis resin, 8 kilograms of herbal cannabis, EUR 150 000 in cash and several cars.
6. Zaključak - Cannabis je i dalje najkorištenija "droga" u EU sa velikom dostopnušću (lakom nabavom) te daljnjim rastom upotrebe.
The available data strongly support a number of overall conclusions with regard to the protection of public health and security.
Other products such as edibles and e-cigarette liquids appear to have emerged in Europe more recently. They tend to be manufactured more professionally, often in third countries. The development of novel cannabis consumer products has been particularly dynamic and fast-paced in countries where cannabis has been regulated for recreational use, especially Canada and some parts of the United States. The range of cannabinoids in these new products is growing beyond the ‘traditional’ cannabinoids, for example delta-9-THC and CBD, and now includes cannabichromene (CBC) and semi-synthetic cannabinoids such as delta-8-THC, delta-10-THC, hexahydrocannabinol (HHC) and its acetate ester (HHC-O), among others (see Box Emergence of semi-synthetic cannabinoids: delta-8-THC, HHC and HHC-O). A broad range of products containing semi-synthetic cannabinoids, such as HHC, are available from online shops in some EU countries.
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Ono što meni i dalje nije jasno, manje vezano za psihotrope poput THC-a, je zašto se čeka odobrenje Novel Food-a kada je npr. CBD u pitanju. Dakle, kanabinoidi u hrani su no-no u EU. Stalno su fore da nije "dovoljno" istražen utjecaj kanabinoida na ljudski organizam u prehrani i sl. Nemrem više čut ni pušit te priče, Izraelski institut već desetljećima radi takva istraživanja za usrat se, Cannabis je prošlu godinu odnio titulu za najistraživaniju biljku na svijetu s preko 4000 znanstvenih radova. Kad čujem rečenicu "Nije dovoljno istraženo" nakon tisućljetne upotreb dobijem mlade. Sijeda kosa dobije svoju sijedu kosu. i još jedna glupost - EU ne priznaje US istraživanja. Za primjer - u muzeju smo smjeli koristiti samo činjenične podatke iz istraživanja sa EU prostora. Eto, malo da iznesem frustracije
Ima još dosta zanimljivih podataka, bacite oko na link gore i diskutirajte
Izvješće je poprilično opširno, možete ga pronaći OVDJE, a ja ću ukratko sažeti pojedine fragmente i pozvati na diskusiju
1. Hrvatska, uz Španjolsku, Nizozemsku i Češku i dalje uvjerljivo u prvih par država po upotrebi, te se bilježi dodatni rast upotrebe. Zašto uvjeriljvo? Zato što je po eurostatu Zagreb prije dvije godine bio prvi u EU po konzumaciji tokom tjedna, ne vikendom. Da, čak i prije Amsterdama. Mjereno po otpadnim vodama. Po meni, barem kada kompariram statistike US i CAD, Covid i Lockdown je doprinio rastu.
Overall, the prevalence of cannabis use in Europe appears to have remained stable over the past decade, although prevalence of use has increased in some of the countries that already had the highest rates of use, such as Croatia, Czechia, the Netherlands and Spain. Recent trends based on data from 15 countries that have conducted surveys on last-year cannabis use since 2019 indicate that levels of use have increased in four countries, remained stable in six countries and decreased in five countries.
2. Osvjestili su ogromni problem kod upotrebe sintetičkih i polusintetičkih kanabinoida. Po meni, ovo bi se moglo koristiti u strankama koje su pro-legalizacija kao dodatni argument za samu legalizaciju. Isti problem adresiran je kada smo u našem saboru nas nekoliko predstavljali benefite legalizacije, do strane jednog dečka. Antiša, ako ovo čitaš, a čitaš, high five
Problem je što se konoplja sa low-level THCom šprica sa sintetikom. Low-THC cannabis adulterated with synthetic cannabinoids
Signs of low-THC herbal cannabis being adulterated with synthetic cannabinoids was reported to the EU Early Warning System in 2020, when clients of EU-based drug-checking services reported experiencing unusual effects after consuming cannabis. This followed several reports in Switzerland since January 2019 of cases of low-THC cannabis products adulterated with synthetic cannabinoids, including MDMB-4en-PINACA and ADB-BUTINACA
Za HHC, THC-p, HHC-O i ŠBB-KBB ekipu, ovako to izgleda.
3. Rast upotrebe proizvoda infjuzanih kanabinoidim, najčešće sintetičkim i polusintetičkim - vape, gumeni bomboni, koncentrati. Sve veće zapljene proizvoda naručenih sa US i CAD tržišta u ovom pogledu.
Some of the comparatively newer cannabis consumer products, such as butane hash oil (BHO), rosin or cannabis wax, that have become available in Europe in recent years (see Figure Cannabis: taxonomy of products traditional and modern) are probably manufactured by consumers themselves from their own cannabis crops or from herbal or resin material purchased from dealers. However, some of these products may also be the result of commercial manufacturing in Europe and elsewhere. For instance, there have been seizures of such products at European postal hubs and airports, in parcels and on flights from Canada and the United States. Some of these products have also been seized in the United States on their way to Europe.
FUN FACT - kod nas eadblesi nisu toliko popularni, no na zapadu, US i CAD stvaraju se dodatni problemi oko doziranja. Izdvoji bi jednu cool kampanju koju preporučam da pogledate, a odnosi se kako korisnicima predstaviti da infjuzani gumeni bomboni nisu toliko zabavni ako se pretjera, iako izgledaju bezazleno. Ta kampanja je dobila Clio nagradu iste godine kad je naš Cananbis muzej dobio tri
4. Albanija nije što je nekad bila. Tj. sve je manje zapljena koje stižu iz same Albanije. Po meni, može biti iz dva razloga - ili koriste nove metode ili se konzumenti više fokusiraju na kvalitetu. Po meni - oboje. Svi vide što se događa na zapadu i kako cvjetovi izgledaju. Putovanja su jeftina, dosta ljudi probava vutru s drugih tržišta. Sade sami ili netko tko sadi nesebično pdoijeli među prijateljima kvalitetan cvijet. Konzumeti 30+ ne žele više pušiti old school albanku. Balkanska ruta je i dalje jedna od većih za šverc. Šverc se najčešće ovom rutom dovija vozilima tj. cestovnim prometom.
Western Balkan countries are also important suppliers of cannabis to other countries in the region and to Türkiye. Albania was considered a major non-EU source of herbal cannabis destined for the European market prior to 2018 (EMCDDA and Europol, 2019), but since then neighbouring countries such as Greece, Italy and North Macedonia report substantial reductions in the seizure of Albanian-origin cannabis (UNODC, 2020). Although the available information suggests an increase in production in other Western Balkan countries, no intensification in cross-border cannabis trafficking has been noted to date. Nevertheless, cannabis trafficking routes to the EU and neighbouring countries appear to remain active (Brnad, 2022). Some of the Western Balkan criminal networks involved in cannabis trafficking into, and production within, the EU also appear to be associated with the wholesale trafficking of cocaine to Europe (EMCDDA, 2022d; Bureau for Operational Coordination of Montenegro, 2021; Europol, 2021b).
Herbal cannabis trafficked from the Western Balkans to the EU appears to be transported primarily by land, for instance to Hungary (Reitox National Focal Point of Hungary, 2020; Ljubas, 2020) and Croatia (Ministry of Interior of Croatia, 2019).
5. Good old marokanac - hash iz Marocca i dalje je prisutan u EU, a dolazi najčešće preko španjolske i po novom u jednoj mjeri putem bespilotnim letjelicama.
Most of the cannabis resin available on the European drug market comes from Morocco and enters the region via Spain, which seized 672.5 tonnes of cannabis resin in 2021 (over 82 % of the European total).
Semi-submersible drones seized in Spain
The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), also known as drones, by criminal networks in Europe has been described in a previous report (EMCDDA and Europol, 2022). A recent development has shown that European criminal networks are also using specialists to develop ‘unmanned semi-submersible vessels’ (also known as semi-submersible drones). Operation ‘Kraken’, in July 2022, led by the Spanish national police in the Campo de Gibraltar area of Cadiz Province resulted in the seizure of four such semi-submersible drones under construction. In addition, police seized six large fully-operational UAVs with 30 kilometres of flight autonomy, 145 kilograms of cannabis resin, 8 kilograms of herbal cannabis, EUR 150 000 in cash and several cars.
6. Zaključak - Cannabis je i dalje najkorištenija "droga" u EU sa velikom dostopnušću (lakom nabavom) te daljnjim rastom upotrebe.
The available data strongly support a number of overall conclusions with regard to the protection of public health and security.
- Cannabis remains the most consumed illicit drug in Europe with very high levels of availability, despite record quantities seized.
- The potency of traditional cannabis consumer products, namely herbal cannabis and cannabis resin, has increased significantly over the past 10 years.
- The emergence of new consumer products, based on naturally occurring, semi-synthetic or synthetic cannabinoids, poses a growing threat.
- The illicit cannabis market is resilient and innovative. It is largely controlled by highly organised criminal networks who cooperate and outsource services in addition to exploiting and driving some of the high demand for the drug.
- The profitability of the illicit cannabis market creates significant security threats, including the spread of corruption and violence and the undermining of legitimate business activity by organised criminal networks.
Other products such as edibles and e-cigarette liquids appear to have emerged in Europe more recently. They tend to be manufactured more professionally, often in third countries. The development of novel cannabis consumer products has been particularly dynamic and fast-paced in countries where cannabis has been regulated for recreational use, especially Canada and some parts of the United States. The range of cannabinoids in these new products is growing beyond the ‘traditional’ cannabinoids, for example delta-9-THC and CBD, and now includes cannabichromene (CBC) and semi-synthetic cannabinoids such as delta-8-THC, delta-10-THC, hexahydrocannabinol (HHC) and its acetate ester (HHC-O), among others (see Box Emergence of semi-synthetic cannabinoids: delta-8-THC, HHC and HHC-O). A broad range of products containing semi-synthetic cannabinoids, such as HHC, are available from online shops in some EU countries.
---
Ono što meni i dalje nije jasno, manje vezano za psihotrope poput THC-a, je zašto se čeka odobrenje Novel Food-a kada je npr. CBD u pitanju. Dakle, kanabinoidi u hrani su no-no u EU. Stalno su fore da nije "dovoljno" istražen utjecaj kanabinoida na ljudski organizam u prehrani i sl. Nemrem više čut ni pušit te priče, Izraelski institut već desetljećima radi takva istraživanja za usrat se, Cannabis je prošlu godinu odnio titulu za najistraživaniju biljku na svijetu s preko 4000 znanstvenih radova. Kad čujem rečenicu "Nije dovoljno istraženo" nakon tisućljetne upotreb dobijem mlade. Sijeda kosa dobije svoju sijedu kosu. i još jedna glupost - EU ne priznaje US istraživanja. Za primjer - u muzeju smo smjeli koristiti samo činjenične podatke iz istraživanja sa EU prostora. Eto, malo da iznesem frustracije
Ima još dosta zanimljivih podataka, bacite oko na link gore i diskutirajte
